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Human physiology

Explain circulation, breathing, kidney function and regulation. A starter deck to adapt to your course and level.

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Questions in this deck

01How do you define “Homeostasis”?

Dynamic maintenance of internal variables within ranges compatible with life.

02How do you define “Negative feedback”?

A change triggers a response that tends to oppose that change.

03How do you define “Sinoatrial node”?

Normally initiates the electrical impulses that set heart rhythm.

04How do you define “Ventricular systole”?

Contraction phase when the ventricles eject blood.

05How do you define “Ventricular diastole”?

Relaxation phase when the ventricles fill.

06How do you define “Cardiac output”?

Blood volume pumped by one ventricle per minute: heart rate × stroke volume.

07How do you define “Pulmonary ventilation”?

Movement of air into and out of the lungs.

08How do you define “Alveolar diffusion”?

Movement of O₂ and CO₂ along partial-pressure gradients.

09How do you define “Hemoglobin”?

Red-cell protein that carries most oxygen in the blood.

10How do you define “Glomerular filtration”?

Movement of water and small solutes from blood into the renal capsule.

11How do you define “Tubular reabsorption”?

Return of substances from kidney filtrate to blood.

12How do you define “ADH”?

Hormone that promotes kidney water reabsorption.

13How do you define “Insulin”?

Hormone that promotes glucose uptake in some tissues and its storage.

14How do you define “Glucagon”?

Hormone that promotes glucose release by the liver.

15How do you define “Action potential”?

Brief change in membrane potential that propagates in an excitable cell.

16How do you define “Depolarization”?

Decrease in the electrical potential difference across a membrane.

17How do you define “Sympathetic system”?

Autonomic branch that helps prepare the body for action.

18How do you define “Parasympathetic system”?

Autonomic branch that supports rest and digestion.

19How do you define “Acid–base balance”?

Regulation of H⁺ concentration and thus pH in body fluids.

20How do you define “Plasma osmolarity”?

Total concentration of osmotically active particles in plasma.